
Vatican City, also known as the Vatican City State, is the world’s smallest country and one of Christendom’s most sacred sites. Vatican City, located within the city of Rome, bears witness to a two-millennium-long past and a tremendous spiritual endeavor. The history of the Vatican is closely related to the history of Christianity.
The Vatican is an independent state that spans more than 100 acres. It is self-contained and one-eighth the size of New York’s Central Park. The tiny state has a 2-mile border. Medieval and Renaissance fortifications form its walls.
Inside the Vatican are masterpieces and living institutions that bear testament to the unique continuation of its essential role in the history of humanity. Since the 16th century, the Vatican has had a significant impact on the evolution of art.
The Vatican possesses outstanding works of Renaissance and Baroque art from the 16th century. Saint Peter’s Basilica, with palaces and gardens, is at its heart. The basilica, built on the grave of Saint Peter the Apostle, is the world’s largest ecclesiastical structure. It displays the combined brilliance of Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini, and Mariano.
The Vatican Palace is the culmination of a long succession of expansions and renovations that popes have completed since the Middle Ages. The Vatican City State’s boundaries have kept their historical features. Even with subsequent extensions and modifications in shape and design, the remarkable urban, architectural, and aesthetic characteristics retain the highest creative quality and craftsmanship.
The Vatican is predominantly a holy city for Catholics, an important archeological site of the Roman period, and a cultural benchmark for Christians and non-Christians. The pope rules as an absolute monarch.
The Roman Catholic Church’s administration is known as the Holy See, which the pope governs as the bishop of Rome. Although it is a recognized state territory under international law, the Holy See handles diplomatic relations on its behalf because it lacks diplomatic services.
As a result, the Holy See’s power extends to all Catholics worldwide. It has been housed in Vatican City since 1929 when it was formed as an independent state to allow the pope to wield absolute authority.
Vatican City is responsible for its own money, media channels, and passports, among other things. The city also has its own phone system, hospital, gardens, and a detachment of Swiss Guards that has been in charge of the pope’s personal security since 1506. However, almost all essentials, including food, water, and energy, must be shipped in.
Vatican City collects no taxes but earns revenue from museum admission fees, merchandise sales, and charitable donations from over one billion Roman Catholics worldwide. Since the early 1980s, the Vatican has made public its banking activities and expenses.
Visitors entering Vatican City from neighboring Italy do not need to show their passports. Saint Peter’s Square and the Basilica are open to the public for free. However, the Vatican museums, including the Sistine Chapel, typically have an admission fee. The gardens are not accessible to individuals, but guided tours are available for small groups to the tunnels beneath the basilica and the gardens. The other locations are available to individuals who need to conduct business there.
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